Household Vulnerability to Flood Hazard at Ekpo Abasi Axis, Calabar South Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria

Authors

  • Joel Efiong Department of Environmental Management University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3619-0972
  • Esther Okon Edet Department of Environmental Management University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

Keywords:

Household vulnerability, Flood hazard, Calabar South, Nigeria

Abstract

This study investigated household vulnerability to flooding in the Ekpo Abasi axis of Calabar South, Cross River State, Nigeria. Data were collected from using direct field observation and questionnaire. The population of study was 390 households with a sample size of 198. Findings indicate that 48 per cent of respondents live near flood-prone areas, with 49 per cent residing in homes lacking flood-resistant structures, and 64.6 per cent in flat terrain, underscoring poor infrastructure as a key vulnerability driver. Major flooding causes include inadequate drainage systems (43.9 per cent) and excessive rainfall (30.8 per cent). Social factors, such as limited preparedness (41.9 per cent) and insufficient financial capacity for mitigation (31.8 per cent), exacerbate risks. From the data analysis, it was discovered that there is a significant relationship between households prone to flooding and the location of the buildings (rho = 0.683, p < 0.05). This led to the rejection of the hull hypothesis. It therefore means that houses that were in flat terrains were more prone to flood hazard experience than those in other terrains. Data analysis further revealed that there was a significant variation in flooding across the streets in the study area (F = 2.266, d.f. = 9, 188, p = 0.02), leading also to the rejection of the null hypothesis. Hence, some streets were more prone to flood hazards than others. Holistic strategies are essential to reduce vulnerability and enhance resilience in Ekpo Abasi and similar urban settings.

 

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Published

2025-07-19

How to Cite

Efiong , J., & Edet, E. O. (2025). Household Vulnerability to Flood Hazard at Ekpo Abasi Axis, Calabar South Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria. Journal of Public Administration, Policy and Governance Research, 3(3), 167–180. Retrieved from https://jpapgr.com/index.php/research/article/view/232