Social Media Use and Mental Health Among Young Adults: A Scoping Review from a Medical Sociology Perspective

Abstract

This scoping review explores the medical sociological dimensions of social media use and its implications for mental health among young adults aged 18–35. Using the Arksey and O’Malley framework, 100 peer-reviewed articles published between 2013 and 2023 were analyzed. Key themes identified include social comparison and self-esteem, peer support, identity performance, mental health stigma, and digital inequalities. While existing studies incorporate concepts such as symbolic interactionism and Goffman’s dramaturgical theory, the literature remains under-theorised and largely Western-centric. This review highlights the need for theory-driven and context-sensitive research that addresses cultural, socioeconomic, and digital diversity, especially within the Global South that is experiencing surge in social media use in a digitally changing world. Future research directions are outlined to advance medical sociological inquiry in digital health contexts.

Keywords: Social media, Mental health, Young adults, Medical sociology, Identity