Journal of Public Administration, Policy and Governance Research

Knowledge Management and Staff Productivity in University of Calabar Library, Cross River State, Nigeria

Madu ITU, Pere-owei Muchlove ITU — Fri, 27 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study assessed knowledge management and employee productivity at the University of Calabar Library in Cross River State, Nigeria. Four research questions and four hypotheses were developed and evaluated to fulfil the study's objectives. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on the relevant factors and applying knowledge spiral theory by Nonaka and Takeuchi in 1995. The research utilized an ex post facto design, using a sample of two hundred and twenty-four (244), constituting 50% of the total population under investigation. Measurement and evaluation specialists from the department of educational foundation University of Calabar evaluated the primary data gathering tool with a structured questionnaire. A Cronbach alpha reliability test was conducted to assess the instrument's reliability with a sample of fifty (50) library workers from the University of Cross River State (UNICROSS) who were excluded from the study. The obtained data was analyzed using the Pearson Product Moment Coefficient, revealing that knowledge use greatly impacts staff productivity in the University of Calabar library. The paper recommend that library personnel should have the opportunity to get information from many sources to enhance their productivity.

Impact of Policy Implementation Strategies on Service Delivery Efficiency in Local Government Areas in Nigeria

Emmanuel Mkpe Inah, Roland Afen Inah, Gerald Muzaare — Fri, 27 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the impact of policy implementation strategies on service delivery efficiency in Local Government Areas (LGAs) across Nigeria, drawing on the Top-Down and Bottom-Up Theories of Policy Implementation to explain the dynamics of execution at the grassroots level. Adopting a qualitative research methodology, the study engaged 48 purposively selected participants including local government officials, state-level policymakers, community leaders, frontline service providers, and residents across six LGAs representing each geopolitical zone: Calabar Municipal (South-South), Enugu North (South-East), Irepo (South-West), Bosso (North-Central), Jalingo (North-East), and Bichi (North-West). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis, and analyzed thematically. Findings reveal that ineffective policy communication, lack of alignment between policy goals and local realities, poor resource allocation, weak monitoring and evaluation systems, and political interference are major impediments to efficient service delivery. The study recommends participatory, context-sensitive implementation frameworks that prioritize stakeholder inclusion, resource adequacy and sustained monitoring to improve grassroots governance and public service delivery.

Stigma and Mental Health Service Utilization in Nigerian Psychiatric Hospitals

Bassey B. Ikpeme, Patrick O. Bisong, Richard E. Henshaw — Fri, 27 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Mental health challenges remain a major public health concern in Nigeria, yet psychiatric service utilization is notably low despite the availability of specialized hospitals. This study examines stigma as a critical barrier to accessing mental health services, with a focus on its sociocultural dimensions and implications for healthcare delivery. Stigma, often rooted in perceptions of mental illness as spiritual affliction, weakness, or moral failing, significantly deters individuals from seeking professional care. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research was conducted across three major psychiatric hospitals in Nigeria, involving quantitative surveys with 450 patients and caregivers, and qualitative interviews with 30 healthcare providers and community leaders. Results showed that 68% of respondents delayed or avoided psychiatric care due to fear of being labeled "mentally unstable." Women and rural residents exhibited greater reluctance due to stigma. Cultural beliefs linking mental illness to supernatural causes often led individuals to seek help from traditional healers instead of medical institutions. The study also highlights systemic challenges, including inadequate mental health education, poor integration of services into primary care, and stigmatizing attitudes among healthcare staff. However, patients exposed to psychoeducation or community support were 40% more likely to maintain engagement with psychiatric care. These findings underscore the urgent need for anti-stigma initiatives, culturally tailored education, and policy reforms to improve mental health service access. Addressing both individual and structural factors is essential for reducing the burden of untreated psychiatric conditions and enhancing overall public health in Nigeria.

Effect of Public Budget Transparency on Citizens Trust in Government Institutions in Nigeria

Emmanuel Mkpe Inah, Roland Afen Inah, Gerald Muzaare — Fri, 27 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study explored the effect of public budget transparency on citizens' trust in government institutions in Nigeria using a qualitative phenomenological approach. The research focused on capturing citizens’ lived experiences and perceptions regarding the accessibility, clarity, and openness of budget information, and how these factors influence their trust in institutions such as ministries, departments, local councils, and revenue agencies. A total of 30 participants, purposively and snowball-selected from South-West, North-Central, and South-South geopolitical zones, were engaged through semi-structured interviews. Participants included civil society members, youth advocates, community leaders, market association members, and local taxpayers with exposure to budget processes. Data collection involved both face-to-face and virtual interviews, each lasting 45–60 minutes, and was analyzed using thematic analysis guided by Braun and Clarke’s six-phase framework with NVivo software. The findings revealed that limited access to timely and comprehensible budget information, coupled with weak public engagement, significantly undermines citizens’ trust in government institutions. The study concludes that enhancing public budget transparency through inclusive, accessible, and accountable practices is critical to restoring institutional trust in Nigeria.

Quality Assurance Practices and Sustainability of Secondary Education System in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Emem E. Akpan, Blessing Edet Isong, Akpan Augustine — Sat, 28 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigated the effect of quality assurance practices on the sustainability of the secondary education system in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. A correlational research design was adopted, and a stratified random sampling technique was used to select 186 public secondary schools from a population of 233 schools across the Local Government Areas. Data were collected using a researcher-developed instrument, the Quality Assurance Practices and Sustainability of Secondary Education System Questionnaire (QAPSSESQ). The instrument comprised three sections covering demographic data, six quality assurance variables (30 items), and four sustainability dimensions (24 items), all measured on a four-point Likert scale. The instrument showed high reliability, with sub-scale coefficients ranging from 0.79 to 0.91 and an overall reliability index of 0.94. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, simple linear regression, and hierarchical multiple regression. The findings revealed that quality assurance practices significantly predict the sustainability of the secondary education system across social, economic, environmental, and instructional dimensions. Specifically, regular teacher quality assessment, performance evaluation, and resource adequacy were found to positively influence teaching effectiveness, infrastructure maintenance, curriculum relevance, and overall school improvement. The study concluded that enhancing quality assurance mechanisms is vital for achieving sustainable education outcomes in secondary schools. It recommended that education stakeholders institutionalize structured quality assurance frameworks, intensify teacher evaluations, and ensure adequate provision of learning resources to sustain the education system in the state.

Effect of Digital Marketing Innovation on Startup Brand Awareness in Urban Areas in Cross River State, Nigeria

Patrick Awok Mbum, Iwuchukwu Goodluck Ndubuisi — Mon, 07 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigated the effect of digital marketing innovation on startup brand awareness in urban areas of Cross River State, Nigeria. The research was motivated by the growing need for startups to adopt cost-effective and high-impact marketing strategies in a competitive digital economy. A qualitative research design was employed, using semi-structured interviews with six purposively selected participants, including founders and digital marketing personnel from startups based in Calabar, Ikom, and Ugep. Thematic analysis of the data revealed five major themes: the role of social media innovation in enhancing brand visibility, the impact of digital platforms on consumer engagement, patterns in the adoption of digital marketing tools, persistent challenges in digital strategy implementation, and practical strategies used for overcoming those challenges. Findings indicated that startups actively utilize social media innovations such as reels, influencer partnerships, live sessions, and hashtag campaigns to boost visibility and attract target audiences. Platforms like WhatsApp, Instagram, and email marketing facilitated two-way communication, fostering stronger customer relationships. While participants acknowledged the benefits of digital tools like SEO, scheduling apps, and automation software, they also identified key constraints—namely financial limitations, poor internet access, skill gaps, and platform algorithm instability. In response, startups employed adaptive strategies including self-directed learning, content planning, micro-influencer collaboration, and performance tracking to improve implementation efficiency and outcomes. The study concludes that although digital marketing innovations offer significant potential for enhancing brand awareness among urban startups, sustainable results require addressing infrastructural gaps and capacity limitations. The research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on digital entrepreneurship in emerging economies and offers practical insights for policymakers, support agencies, and startup founders seeking to maximize the benefits of digital marketing in similar socio-economic contexts.

Influence of Supplier Integration on Inventory Efficiency in Manufacturing Firms in Cross River State, Nigeria

Patrick Awok Mbum, Iwuchukwu Goodluck Ndubuisi — Mon, 07 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examined the influence of supplier integration on inventory efficiency in manufacturing firms located in Cross River State, Nigeria. Supplier integration was explored through five thematic dimensions: communication and information sharing, collaborative planning and decision-making, technological support, barriers to integration, and strategies for improvement. A qualitative research design was adopted to capture the lived experiences and operational practices of six purposively selected participants drawn from various manufacturing sectors including agro-allied, plastic packaging, paint production, and building materials. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed thematically. The findings revealed that ineffective communication, lack of joint planning, poor technological infrastructure, and supplier informality were major challenges undermining inventory efficiency. Most firms operated in isolation from their suppliers, resulting in stock inconsistencies, planning errors, and increased operational costs. However, firms that adopted performance scorecards, collaborative forecasting, and selective supplier engagement practices reported notable improvements in inventory alignment and responsiveness. The study concludes that supplier integration, when properly structured and supported with the right technology and relationship frameworks, can significantly improve inventory control, minimize waste, and enhance competitiveness. It recommends the institutionalization of digital platforms, supplier capacity-building programs, long-term partnership contracts, and government-led incentives to promote stronger supplier-manufacturer collaboration in the Nigerian manufacturing landscape.

School Security Management Strategies and Attainment of Sustainable Development Goal (4) in Tertiary Institutions in South-South Zone of Nigeria

Roseline Aniekan Umoh, Michael Chukwudi Uzoigwe, Ojobe Ojobe Egbai — Tue, 08 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract

This study investigated the relationship between school security management strategies and the attainment of Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) in tertiary institutions within the South-South zone of Nigeria. Employing a correlational research design, the study aimed to assess how existing school security practices influence the realization of inclusive and equitable quality education without manipulating any variables. A total of 661 participants were selected through stratified and clustered sampling techniques, comprising 150 institutional administrators, 70 security personnel, 100 faculty staff, and 341 students across purposively selected tertiary institutions. Six research questions were raised and one hypothesis was formulated to guide the study. Data were collected using two validated instruments—the School Security Management Questionnaire (SSMQ) and the SDG 4 Attainment Perception Scale (SDG4-APS)—each demonstrating high reliability with Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients of 0.89 and 0.90 respectively. Instruments were structured into three sections based on the study objectives and administered electronically via Monkey Surveys, yielding a 100% response rate. Responses were measured using a four-point Likert scale, with a criterion mean of 2.50 adopted for interpretation. The findings revealed a significant correlation between the effectiveness of school security management strategies and the achievement of SDG 4 in the institutions studied. The study concludes that closing gaps in implementation, leadership commitment, and infrastructure is essential for improving safety and educational outcomes. It recommends the adoption of integrated and inclusive security measures to foster a safer, more supportive academic environment that aligns with global educational goals.

Assessment of the Role of Education in Developing Socio-Cultural Art Policy in Nigeria

Ofem Ibor Esekpa, Itam Mbeh Eteng, Glory Joseph Njama — Mon, 14 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the role of education in shaping socio-cultural art policy in Nigeria, with the aim of highlighting its relevance to national development and its potential to promote cultural advancement. Emphasis is placed on how educational frameworks contribute to the formulation and implementation of cultural policies that encompass symbolic communication, visual expression, interpersonal interaction, community cohesion, and mechanisms for conflict resolution. The research adopts a content analysis methodology, relying on secondary sources of data. The theoretical framework is anchored on the work of Mapier (1985), which explores anthropological and sociological perspectives on cultural art and societal attitudes toward creative work. Findings reveal that government investment in cultural art education is essential for fostering artistic skills and expanding educational access, thereby ensuring the preservation and growth of Nigeria’s cultural heritage through policy development.

Exploring the Impact of E-Fraud on Examination Result Outcomes in Pre-Entrance Qualifications for First -Degree Programs in Selected Universities in Nigeria

Awunghe Achu Ayuk, Ndifon Neji Obi, Oyen Etta Etta, John Fidelis Inaku — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the impact of e-fraud on examination result outcomes in pre-entrance qualifications for first-degree programs at selected universities in Nigeria. To address this, three hypotheses were proposed, examining whether there is a significant relationship between e-fraud practices specifically identity theft/impersonation, hacking and the sale of examination questions and examination result outcome. The study adopted a survey research design and utilized stratified random sampling to select a sample of 702 respondents. Data were collected using the ‘‘E-Fraud and Examination Result Outcomes in Pre-Entrance Qualifications Questionnaire’’ (EFEROPEQQ). Simple regression analysis was conducted to analyze the data, revealing a significant relationship between identity theft/impersonation, hacking, sale of examination questions and examination result outcomes. Based on these findings, several recommendations were proposed among which include: examination administrators should implement biometric verification and secure authentication measures, adopt advanced encryption and secure online platforms, conduct regular audits and enforce strict institutional policies to address examination malpractice.

Keywords: Hacking, E-fraud, Examination, Result, pre-entrance, Qualification; Impersonation, malpractices.

Socio-economic Impact of Refugees on the Host Communities of Bakassi Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria: The Ambosodanian-Camerounain Case

Awunghe Achu Ayuk, Ndifon Neji Obi, Nsor John Okongo, Ebagu Egbe Tangban — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examined the socio-economic impact of refugee settlers from Cameroon on host communities in Bakassi Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria. It explored how the presence of settlers’ refugees has impacted land acquisition, allocation, distribution, access to electricity and potable water. Using a survey research design, the study adopted a multi-stage non-probability sampling technique, combining purposive and accidental sampling to select participants in resettlement camps. Pearson product-moment correlation analysis revealed a significant association between the variables. The study recommends that governments implement development programs to prevent armed conflicts and address refugee crises. The African Union, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations should analyze civil conflict triggers and develop strategic action plans. Immediate provision of housing, healthcare and education is crucial to mitigate disease outbreaks, reduce crime and enhance refugees' social well-being. These measures will promote socio-economic stability and development in host communities.

University of Calabar Students’ Contributions to the Livelihood of Traders in Goldie Market, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

Rosemary I. Eneji, Veronica A. Undelikwo — Thu, 17 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

There is always a mutual dependence between students and petty traders in university towns across Nigeria. The study focused on the University of Calabar students’ contributions to the livelihood of traders in the Goldie Market serving the University. It was hypothesized that the purchasing power of students, their population and level of patronage do not significantly affect the livelihood of petty traders. The study adopted the survey design and accidentally sampled 200 respondents using the questionnaire as the instrument of data collection. Data obtained was analysed using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and a significant relationship between the students’ purchasing power, their population and patronage on the traders’ livelihood was found. To avoid urban poverty among petty traders, government should support the petty traders and the informal sectors through providing credit facilities with less interest, so they can always have stock of goods to meet student’s demand.

Household Vulnerability to Flood Hazard at Ekpo Abasi Axis, Calabar South Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria

Joel Efiong , Esther Okon Edet — Sat, 19 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigated household vulnerability to flooding in the Ekpo Abasi axis of Calabar South, Cross River State, Nigeria. Data were collected from using direct field observation and questionnaire. The population of study was 390 households with a sample size of 198. Findings indicate that 48 per cent of respondents live near flood-prone areas, with 49 per cent residing in homes lacking flood-resistant structures, and 64.6 per cent in flat terrain, underscoring poor infrastructure as a key vulnerability driver. Major flooding causes include inadequate drainage systems (43.9 per cent) and excessive rainfall (30.8 per cent). Social factors, such as limited preparedness (41.9 per cent) and insufficient financial capacity for mitigation (31.8 per cent), exacerbate risks. From the data analysis, it was discovered that there is a significant relationship between households prone to flooding and the location of the buildings (rho = 0.683, p < 0.05). This led to the rejection of the hull hypothesis. It therefore means that houses that were in flat terrains were more prone to flood hazard experience than those in other terrains. Data analysis further revealed that there was a significant variation in flooding across the streets in the study area (F = 2.266, d.f. = 9, 188, p = 0.02), leading also to the rejection of the null hypothesis. Hence, some streets were more prone to flood hazards than others. Holistic strategies are essential to reduce vulnerability and enhance resilience in Ekpo Abasi and similar urban settings.

Microfinance Bank and Poverty Reduction in Uyo Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Mfon Effiong Asuquo, Henshaw Okon Thompson, Michael Aniekan Akpan — Sat, 19 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examined the role of microfinance banks in poverty reduction efforts in Uyo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Three (3) research questions were raised to guide the study. The research design adopted for the study was the survey design. Data were collected through questionnaires while respondents were selected through convenience sampling technique. A total of three hundred and twenty-three (323) respondents were selected as the sample, through the use of Topman Formula at 5% level of tolerable error. Out of the three hundred and twenty-three (323) copies of the questionnaire that were printed and distributed, two hundred and forty-five (245) were properly filled and returned and final analysis was based on this figure. Analysis was carried out using frequency counts and percentages. Based on the analysis made, it was observed that, microfinance banks in Uyo LGA are relatively effective in enabling the poor to access credit facilities, despite some concerns about collateral requirements. It was also observed that microfinance banks significantly contribute to business growth by providing credit, training, and financial literacy programs. These services enable entrepreneurs to start or expand their businesses and increase their income. Lastly, the findings suggested that microfinance banks contribute to reduction of unemployment by supporting self-employment. However, the community-wide impacts of these businesses were discovered to be limited. In light of these findings, the study suggested that microfinance banks broaden their financial inclusion, boost loan amounts and flexibility, improve non-financial support services, and create focused unemployment reduction initiatives, among other things.

The Contributions and Challenges of Sustainable Tourism Development in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

Sat, 19 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study identified the major challenges of tourism development in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Questionnaire survey was adopted to collect data for the research. A cross-sectional study design with qualitative and quantitative approach was used. Both primary and secondary data were used. The target populations were selected using purposive sampling method. Hotel managers in Calabar were contacted with copies of questionnaire for the survey, since they are the direct tourist operators and they have stable population. Data were analyzed to draw inferences and make conclusions using both qualitative and quantitative approach. The hypotheses were tested using appropriate statistical technique. Findings revealed that destruction of natural resources in destination, lack of funding for tourism development destination, lack of funding for tourism development and resources competition from other sectors were given less priority given that tourism investment, insufficient investment incentives and lack of policy supports were the major challenges in Calabar. Based on the findings, the study recommended that government should invest on tourism resorts to encourage local and foreign investors to participate in establishing and managing tourism resort in Calabar. Besides, dilapidated tourism infrastructures should be renovated to enhance constant patronage from tourists.