Impact of Storage Tanks on Water Quality of Boreholes in Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria

Abstract

This research took a probe into the probable changes in the quality of potable water, specifically tap and borehole water during storage in a range of types of tanks in Atu Street, Calabar South Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria. Over periods of one, three, and four weeks, water samples were gathered and studied to evaluate their physico-chemical and bacteriological properties. Paired samples t-tests were carried out to compare the quality of the stored water with the standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO). The analysis showed significant variations in pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity, total hardness, chloride, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), fecal coliform, total coliform, odor, and color. The results suggest that both tap and borehole water stored in tanks experienced notable quality changes, often falling below WHO recommendations for safe drinking water. These discrepancies emphasize the urgent requirement for better water storage methods and regular monitoring to ensure the well-being and safety of the local community. The research emphasizes the necessity of addressing water storage issues to avoid potential health hazards linked with contaminated drinking water.